SUN MOON & STARS

SUN
The largest object in the sky, the sun is the source of light, heat, and life. Since the beginning of the human experience, people in all parts of the world have observed the position of the sun and recorded its rising and setting cycles. Many cultures have created solar calendars to govern their civilization.
Some examples are:
Gregorian calendar
Julian calendar
Tamil calendar
The sun occupies a major place in cultural mythologies, often as a deity. To the Teutonic, Japanese, Oceanic, Maori, and Cherokee cultures, the sun is feminine. Amaterasu is, in Japanese mythology, a sun goddess and the most important Shinto deity. Her name, Amaterasu, means literally "(that which) illuminates Heaven". She was born from the left eye of Izanagi. She is also said to be directly linked in lineage to the Imperial Household of Japan.
The Egyptian sun god Ra is an example of a masculine sun deity. Each day he traveled across the sky in his sun boat, and at night he passed through the underworld, greeting the dead and facing many dangers. Ra's daily cycle was more than a journey, though—it was a daily rebirth. At dawn, he was the newborn sun god rising in the sky. In the morning he was a child, at noon he was mature, and by sunset he was an old man ready for death. Each sunrise was a celebration of the god's return, a victory of life over the forces of death and darkness.
The incredible healing powers of sunshine have been known for centuries. Cultures around the world have revered and worshipped the therapeutic qualities of the sun long before the written word. Ancient writings from the Pharaohs of Egypt, from Greek, Roman, and Arabic physicians, and countless other wise and ancient scholars wrote about the healing powers of the sun. Records, thousands of years old, reveal how the sun was used to strengthen a person's health and treat a variety of illnesses and conditions.
Our sun is the giver of life on planet Earth. All of the heat, light, and energy that the sun provides maintains a delicate balance in nature. It is good to do salutations to the sun every morning to get intellectual strength and power for physical health.

MOON
Moon is a Germanic word, related to the Latin mensis (month). Its root meaning has origins in the measuring of time. Words derived from it like Monday, month and menstrual are related to the word lunar.
The monthly cycle of the moon, in contrast to the annual cycle of the sun's path, has been linked to women's menstrual cycles by many cultures. Many of the most well-known mythologies feature female lunar deities (gods, immortal), such as the Greek goddesses Selene and Phoebe and their Olympian successor Artemis, their Roman equivalents Luna and Diana, and Xochhiquetzal (Aztec) - This magical moon Goddess was the deity of flowers, spring, sex, love, and marriage.
Male lunar gods are also frequent, such as Nanna or Sin of the Mesopotamians, Mani of the Germanic tribes, Thoth of the Egyptians, the Japanese god Tsukuyomi, Rahko of Finns and Tecciztecatl of the Aztecs. These cultures usually featured female Sun goddesses.
Historically, the Native Americans of the northern and eastern United States kept track of the seasons by giving a distinctive name to each full Moon. With some variation, the same names were used throughout the Algonquin tribes from New England to Lake Superior. These remain the full Moon names we use today.
The Moon, of course, has been known since prehistoric times. Viewed from earth, is the second largest object in the sky after the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth once per month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun changes; this is what causes Moon phases.
A lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on cycles of the moon phase. The only widely used purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar or Hijri calendar, whose year always consists of 12 lunar months.
Understanding Moon Phases
The moon goes through a complete moon phases cycle in about one month.
The new moon occurs when the moon is positioned between the earth and sun. During the new moon, we are on the 'shadow' side and do not observe any lit portion of the moon.
At a full moon, the earth, moon, and sun are in approximate alignment, just as the new moon, but the moon is on the opposite side of the earth, so the entire sunlit part of the moon is facing us. The shadowed portion is entirely hidden from view.
The first quarter and third quarter moons (both often called a "half moon"), happen when the moon is at a 90 degree angle
with respect to the earth and sun. So we are seeing exactly half of the moon illuminated and half in shadow.
A blue moon is a rare event in which two full moons occur within the same month. The next blue moons to occur are:
2009: December 2, December 31
2012: August 2, August 31
2015: July 2, July 31